The reproduction and phenology of Antithamnion cruciatum (Rhodophyta: Ceramiaceae) in insular Newfoundland

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Abstract
Antithamnion cruciatum (C.Ag.) Näg. is reported from insular Newfoundland, its most northerly known location in North America. It exhibits a variable morphology occurring as the typical erect form, as a prostrate form, and as a fragmented form by which it perennates. Zonately divided sporangia containing four spores have been observed, but their function is unknown. Culture experiments show that the species grows at 10 °C and above, but fertility was not induced. Cytological studies indicate there is no genetic alternation of generations, and chromosome numbers suggest the population may be polyploid.

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