Weak localization of waves

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Abstract
The weak localization of waves is formulated in terms of coherent multiple scattering theory. This leads, in the backscattering direction, to an enhancement of the differential cross-section. It manifests itself macroscopically by the doubling of the backscattering intensity in a narrow cone of width Φ c = λ/l . θ(Ω)/τ, where θ(Ω) is the residence time around the incident direction. The corrections to transport coefficients are then derived both in two and three dimensions in terms of Φc. An ε-expansion around the lower critical dimension dc = 2 is then performed and leads to a wave localization threshold for d > 2 around which the critical behaviour is studied. Different kinds of experimental situations leading to the observation of this backscattering cone and critical exponents are then discussed