Circulating Mononuclear Cells in the Obese Are in a Proinflammatory State

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Abstract
Background— In view of the increase in plasma concentrations of proinflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in obesity, we investigated whether peripheral blood mononuclear cells (MNC) from obese subjects are in a proinflammatory state. Methods and Results— MNC were prepared from fasting blood samples of obese (n=16; body mass index [BMI]=37.7±5.0 kg/m2) and normal-weight control (n=16; BMI=23.8±1.9 kg/m2) subjects. Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) binding to DNA in nuclear extracts was elevated (P<0.05) and the inhibitor of NFκB-β (IκB-β) was significantly lower (P<0.001) in the obese group. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction revealed elevated levels of migration inhibitor factor (MIF), IL-6, TNF-α, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) mRNA expression in the obese subjects (P<0.05). Plasma concentrations of MIF, IL-6, TNF-α, MMP-9, and CRP were also significantly higher. Plasma glucose, insulin, and free fatty acids (FFAs) were mea...

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