Abstract
The e.s.r. spectra of the nitroxide radicals produced by oxidation of 4-methyl-, 4-n-propyl-, and 4-t-butyl-piperidine, piperazine, and 4-N-methylpiperazine have been measured in aqueous solution. The spectra have been analysed in terms of a fast exchange between two unequally populated chair forms and estimates have been made of the free-energy differences between conformational isomers.

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