Characterization of Three New Apparently Related High Frequency Antigens

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Abstract
Three high frequency reactive antisera (Kir, Oca, Mil) are described which, based on serologic and genetic characteristics, identify a set of apparently related [human] antigens. The antibodies had the following characteristics: they react only by indirect antiglobulin technique against adult and cord red blood cells; they are primarily IgG [immunoglobulin G]; they are not complement dependent nor enhanced by papain pretreatment of red blood cells; they are high titered but of low avidity; and they are not neutralized by serum nor absorbed by platelets. The antisera are not identical with, but may be related to the Kna antibody. Population data show reactivity frequencies of 99.8% for Kir, 98.7% for Oca and 96.4% for Mil. The 4 phenotypes found are Kir+, Oca+, Mil+; Kir+, Oca+, Mil-; Kir+, Oca-, Mil+; and Kir-, Oca-, Mil-. The occurrence of 5 unrelated triple negative individuals is greater than would be expected by chance alone for 3 independent antigens. Family studies demonstrate that the triple negative phenotype appears to be a recessive trait not linked to the Fy or MNS loci, and the Mil-trait is not linked to ABO, Jk or HLA. Clinical observations following infusion of incompatible blood and in vivo survival studies of 51Cr tagged red blood cells indicate that the antigens, though potent immunogens, are not clinically significant.