Abstract
The primary factor causing carbonization of pollen and spores during experimental metamorphism of Waimatua lignite is temperature in excess of 200°C. A secondary factor is the length of time the pollen and spores are subjected to high temperatures. Pressure, however, retards carbonization. Both experimental and field evidence indicate that significant palynomorph carbonization occurs in samples with fixed carbon of 60–65 % and greater.

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