“Assessment of the chemical and biological significance of arsenical compounds in a heavily contaminated watershed. Part I. The fate and speciation of arsenical compounds in aquatic environments ‐ a literature review”

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Abstract
The analysis for total arsenic is no longer sufficient to describe this contaminant in aquatic environments. Arsenic can undergo extensive chemical and biochemical transformations in an aquatic system. Since each of the resulting arsenic compounds differ in their toxicity to humans, it is important to follow these transformations. Examining the transformations under various chemical and physical conditions will aid in predicting the ultimate fate of the arsenicals in a given aquatic environment. In order to follow the transformations, it is first necessary to identify and quantitate them. It is important that the speciation procedures should be simple and adaptable to analyzing many samples. The following provides a summary of the chemistry of arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonic acid, and dimethylarsinic acid (cacodylic acid), their transformations in an aquatic environment, and a review of the methods developed to speciate these compounds.