Troponin C-like proteins (calmodulins) from mammalian smooth muscle and other tissues

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Abstract
1. An acidic protein with properties similar to those of troponin C from rabbit skeletal muscle has been shown to be present in bovine and rabbit smooth muscles, chicken gizzard and rabbit liver, kidney and lung. 2. A simple new method involving the use of organic solvents is described for the purification of the troponin C-like proteins from various tissues. 3. The troponin C-like proteins can be distinguished from rabbit skeletal-muscle toponin C by their electrophoretic behaviour on polyacrylamide gels at pH 8.3 in the presence and absence of Ca2+. The troponin C-like proteins have been shown to form complexes with rabbit skeletal-muscle troponin I that migrate on electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels. 4. Behaviour on electrophoresis, amino acid analysis and the patterns of CNBr digests on polyacrylamide gels indicate that the troponin C-like proteins from bovine uterus and aorta, rabbit uterus, and liver and chicken gizzard are very similar to, if not identical with, bovine brain modulator protein. 5. With bovine cardiac muscle the organic-solvent method yields a preparation consisting of roughly similar amounts of troponin C and troponin C-like protein. 6. By the isotope-dilution technique, troponin C-like protein has been shown to represent 0.42% of the total protein in rabbit uterus. 7. In homogenates of smooth muscle, rabbit lung, kidney and brain, the troponin C-like proteins form a complex with other protein (or proteins) that requires Ca2+ for its formation and that is not dissociated in 9M-urea.