Differential Accumulation of Biotin Enzymes during Carrot Somatic Embryogenesis

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Abstract
The activities of four biotin enzymes, acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA) carboxylase, 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase, and propionyl-CoA carboxylase, and the accumulation of six biotin-containing polypeptides were determined during development of somatic embryos of carrot (Daucus carota). Acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity increased more than sevenfold, whereas the activities of 3-methylcrotonyl-CoA carboxylase, pyruvate carboxylase, and propionyl-CoA carboxylase were relatively unaltered. An increase also occurred in the accumulation of three of the biotin-containing polypeptides (molecular masses of 220, 62, and 34 kilodaltons). Of these, the most dramatic change was in the accumulation of the 62-kilodalton biotin-containing polypeptide, which increased by at least 50-fold as embryogenic cell clusters developed into torpedo embryos.