Analytical Characterization of Moringa oleifera Seed Oil Grown in Temperate Regions of Pakistan

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Abstract
The hexane-extracted oil content of Moringa oleifera seeds ranged from 38.00 to 42.00%. Protein, fiber, and ash contents were found to be 26.50−32.00, 5.80−9.29, and, 5.60−7.50%, respectively. Results of physical and chemical parameters of the extracted oil were as follows: iodine value, 68.00−71.80; refractive index (40 °C), 1.4590−1.4625; density (24 °C), 0.9036−0.9080 mg/mL; saponification value, 180.60−190.50; unsaponifiable matter, 0.70−1.10%; and color (1 in. cell), 0.95−1.10 R + 20.00−35.30 Y. Tocopherols (α, γ, and δ) in the oil were up to 123.50−161.30, 84.07−104.00, and 41.00−56.00 mg/kg, respectively. The oil was found to contain high levels of oleic acid (up to 78.59%) followed by palmitic, stearic, behenic, and arachidic acid up to levels of 7.00, 7.50, 5.99, and 4.21%, respectively. The induction period (Rancimat, 20 L/h, 120 °C) of the crude oil was 9.99 h and reduced to 8.63 h after degumming. Specific extinctions at 232 and 270 nm were 1.70 and 0.31, respectively. Many parameters of M. oleifera oil indigenous to Pakistan were comparable to those of typical Moringa seed oils reported in the literature. The results of the present analytical study were also compared with those of different vegetable oils. Keywords: Moringa oleifera; analytical characterization; high oleic; tocopherols