On Behalf of Labeling Theory

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Abstract
This paper responds to a number of recent criticisms of labeling theory. Some have criticized labeling theory for empathizing with deviants. These critics ignore the emphasis of the interactionist perspective to take the role of the other in social research. Marxists criticize labeling theory for ignoring oppression and exploitation. But it is argued that the interactionist perspective demands the sort of investigation urged by Marxists. Finally conceptual problems of defining what is deviance and who is a deviant are discussed.