Developmental toxicity of mangafodipir trisodium and manganese chloride in Sprague‐Dawley rats

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Abstract
Mangafodipir trisodium (MnDPDP) is a manganese chelate being developed as a contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging of the hepatobiliary system. The intended clinical dose is 5 μmol/kg. The potential for MnDPDP to induce embryotoxicity and/or teratogenicity in Sprague-Dawley rats was investigated. Twenty five inseminated rats/group were intravenously administered 0, 2, 5, or 20 μmol/kg MnDPDP form days 6-17 of gestation. Maternal toxicity was not observed at any dose of MnDPDP. There were no treatment-related effects on the numbers of fetuse, fetal viability, numbers of resorptions, implantations and corpora lutea, or the percent of pre- and post-implantation losses. However, at 20 μmol/kg, fetal body weights were significantly decreased (3.3 g vs. 3.9 g for control) and increased skeletal malformations were observed (141/270 vs. 0/285 in control). The malformations were of a specific type, which included. angulated or irregularly shaped clavicle, femur, fibula, humerus, ilium, radius, scapula, tibia, and/or ulna. To better define the developmental stage that is most susceptible to the effects of MnDPDP, a segmented developmental study was conducted. Twelve inseminated rats were administered 0, 20, 40, or 80 μmol/kg MnDPDP on days 6-8, 9-11, 12-14, or 15-17 of gestation. Skeletal malformations, identical to those seen in the previous study, were increased in adose-dependent manner with the highest incidence occurring in fetuses from females dosed from days 15-17 of gestation. A third study, in which 15 rats/group were dosed intravenously with 0, 5, 20, or 40 μmol/kg MnCl2 on days 6-17 of gestation, produced indentical skeletal malformations to those seen with MnDPDP, indicating that manganese is the active moiety responsible for these specific malformations.