Influence of exposure to moderate altitude on the plasma concentration of cortisol, aldosterone, renin, testosterone, and gonadotropins

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Abstract
The influence of 11 days at moderate altitude (2,000 m) combined with exercise on plasma concentration of testosterone, FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), LH (luteinizing hormone), cortisol, aldosterone, and renin activity was studied in ten healthy subjects. Within 48 h of arrival at moderate altitude a significant increase in testosterone was found whereas FSH had decreased significantly and LH showed a tendency to decrease. Cortisol increased significantly at the beginning and reached a maximum at the end of altitude exposure. The plasma aldosterone level rose continuously and on the last day of altitude was significantly elevated. Plasma renin activity showed a tendency to decrease. On return to low land all measured parameters returned to base line values within 2 days. The findings of increases in plasma levels of aldosterone and testosterone (and serum T3 and T4, as reported by others) are in contrast to the previously found decrease of urinary excretion of all these hormones. This appears to be a distinct dissociation of serum levels of adrenal (and thyroid) hormones from their urinary excretion. The observed increase in plasma aldosterone is probably mediated through ACTH and the rise in plasma potassium, since plasma renin activity showed an opposite trend. The rise in plasma testosterone is probably of adrenal origin since plasma gonadotropins declined simultaneously. The increase of plasma levels of glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and androgens after an ascent from 600 m to 2,000 m above sea level is compatible with an ACTH-mediated stimulation of the entire adrenal cortex and/or a diminished elimination of adrenal steroids: The concomitant fall of FSH, LH, and plasma renin would then be a consequence of a direct negative feedback inhibition of these hormones.