Light-force-induced fluorescence line-center shifts in high-precision optical spectroscopy: Simple model and experiment

We calculate the effect of light-induced forces on the fluorescence line shape of a two-level atom crossing at right angles two counterpropagating light beams of parallel linear polarizations $\left(\mathrm{lin}\Vert \mathrm{lin}\right)$ in a common configuration for ultrahigh-precision optical spectroscopy. For an incident atomic beam with a narrow spread of transverse velocities the dipole force induces a redshift of the fluorescence maximum, while in the reverse case of a wide spread of transverse velocities the radiation-pressure force induces a blueshift of the saturation dip minimum. We then use our theory to explain the blueshift of the saturation line-center dip occurring for the closed transition $2{}^3{S}_1\to 2{}^3{P}_2$ of a ${}^4\mathrm{He}$ beam. The observed shift, which is in quite good agreement with the theory, can be of the order of 1/10 of the transition natural linewidth and hence quite important for ultrahigh-precision spectroscopy measurements.