New Techniques for Optimum Reconstruction of the Facial Nerve in Its Extemporal Course

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Abstract
Microsurgery of the facial nerve resulted in great progress by regaining the voluntary movements of the face and the emotional expressive motility. One disadvantage is unavoidable even in the most subtle reconstructive measure: the development of mass-movements. The diversification method was developed to reduce these mass-movements or to prevent their occurrence. The human face is divided into 2 functional spheres: the upper face and the lower face. Reinnervation of both facial regions is achieved by 2 nerves: the upper face by the original facial nerve (with intercalation of a free nerve transplant) and the lower face by a hypoglossofacial anastomosis. The advantages of this combined operation technique and its neurophysiologic basis are described.

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