Gunshot Residue Analysis—A Review

Abstract
A review of all aspects of analysis associated with gunshot residues is provided. This includes a summary of what both inorganic and organic residues are, how they arise and how they may be collected from a variety of substrates. Ways of processing samples to the point of analysis and the means by which they may be analyzed using a variety of techniques is discussed. The techniques described include SEM/EDX, flameless atomic absorption spectroscopy, neutron activation analysis, energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence and some other less common methods for inorganic residues and gas, high performance liquid and super critical fluid chromatography with speciality detectors including mass spectrometry together with capillary electrophoresis, for organic residues. A summary of how the results of such analyses may be interpreted is discussed under the different analytical techniques.

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