Thermodynamic Studies of Dilute Solutions in Molten Binary Alloys

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Abstract
A study of some of the thermodynamic properties of dilute molten binary tin alloys was made by the e.m.f. method using a refined technic whereby measurements were made with a precision of ±0.01 millivolt in the temperature range 250° C to 412° C. The systems Sn‒Au, Sn‒Sb and Sn‒Ag were studied in the dilute solution range on the tin rich side over a temperature range of 80° C to 100° C above the minimum temperature of 250° C. The calculated activities of the more dilute solutions of Sn‒Au, Sn‒Sb and Sn‒Ag were ideal. Negative deviations of the activities of the solvent, increasing with the concentration of the solute, were obtained for the molten Sn‒Au and Sn‒Sb systems. Positive deviations of the activities of the solvent, increasing with the concentration of the solute, were obtained for the molten Sn‒Ag system. An increase in temperature caused a small but measurable decrease in the deviations of the activities from ideality for the molten Sn‒Ag system. An increase in temperature did not bring about a significant decrease in the deviation of the activities from ideality for the molten Sn‒Au and Sn‒Sb systems. The e.m.f. was found to vary as a linear function with respect to temperature and also to increase in slope (dE/dT) in a regular manner as the concentration of the solute increased.

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