Impact of biological activity on detritus transported in the lower river Rhine: an exercise in ecosystem analysis

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Abstract
SUMMARY. 1. Published data are used to construct a tentative carbon budget for the ecosystem of the lower river Rhine and its sedimentation areas in The Netherlands.2. It is estimated that 287 × 106kg Cy−1 of particulate organic material is transported by the river Rhine, and 100 × 106 kgCy−1 of this material is deposited in the delta.3. Phytoplankton and nitrifying bacteria seem to contribute significantly to the carbon budget, by producing c. 78 × 106kgCy−l.4. The mineralization in the water (estimated from routine determinations of biological oxygen demand and from in situ diurnal fluctuations of oxygen) and in the bottom (estimated from the denitrification rates in the delta, from the production rate of methane and from overall oxygen consumption) is shown to degrade c. 50% of the carbon input plus autochthonous production.5. The carbon budget and oxygen regime in the lower Rhine suggest that after decades of severe organic pollution the river has more or less resumed the normal, slightly heterotrophic state of a large lowland river.