Abstract
Summary: Garnet containing up to 26% SnO2, and pyroxene and spinel containing 12% and 10% SnO2 respectively, occur in a tin-refining slag in association with cassiterite. These tin contents probably represent minimum values for the limit of ionic replacement of Sn4+ in the structure of these minerals. The absence of tin from coexisting melilite suggests that Sn4+ is only able to substitute for ions in octahedral co-ordination.

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