Conducted 2 experiments to determine whether pigeons can acquire a matching and/or oddity concept if transfer involves only novel stimuli. Ss were 8 female White Carneaux and 12 female loft-reared pigeons. In Exp I, Ss were trained on either a 2-color matching-to-sample task or a 2-color oddity-from-sample task. In the transfer phase, the 2 training colors were replaced by 2 novel colors for all Ss and 1/2 of each training group was shifted to the other task. Nonshifted Ss learned the transfer tasks faster than shifted Ss. In Exp II, using the same design, similar results were obtained when Ss were trained on either brightness matching or brightness oddity and transferred to color matching or color oddity. Results suggest that pigeons are capable of learning the concepts same and/or different. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved)