Sequential changes in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 concentration in synovial fluid and mRNA expression of TGF-β1 receptors in chondrocytes after immobilization of rabbit knees

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Abstract
We have previously reported that a combination of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) synergistically increases the proliferation of chondrocytes obtained from knee joint immobilized for 7–14 days in male Japanese white rabbits. In the present study, we performed experiments with chondrocytes and synovial fluid obtained from rabbit knees immobilized for 0–42 days, to clarify the sequential changes in TGF-β1 and bFGF concentrations in synovial fluid and the mRNA expression of TGF-β1 receptor type I (RI) and II (RII) in chondrocytes after immobilization. The combination of TGF-β1 and bFGF had a synergistic effect on the proliferation of chondrocytes obtained from knee joints immobilized for 7–14 days. The concentration of TGF-β1 in synovial fluid was significantly higher (up to 3.6-fold) at 7–28 days after immobilization compared with that at 2 days. The mRNA for RI and RII was expressed during the whole immobilization period. The concentration of bFGF was kept at the same level at 2–7 days after immobilization, and gradually decreased thereafter. In the early stages of degenerated cartilage, up to 14 days after immobilization, the concentrations of both TGF-β1 and bFGF were higher in the synovial fluid and mRNA expression of TGF-β1 receptors in chondrocytes was kept.

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