The Effects of Sulfur and Phosphorus on the Intergranular Corrosion of 304 Stainless Steel

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Abstract
This paper reports a study of the effects of sulfur and phosphorus on the sensitization and intergranular corrosion of 304 stainless steel. It is shown that sulfur has little effect on the intergranular corrosion of the material, except at the high electrochemical potentials of the Huey test and oxalic acid test. At these potentials chromium sulfides precipitated at the grain boundaries and in the matrix are preferentially attacked. Phosphorus has little effect on intergranular corrosion as measured by the modified Strauss test, but it greatly accelerates intergranular corrosion in the Huey test. The magnitude of this effect depends on the extent of chromium depletion. It is also shown that in all of the alloys studied grain boundaries in a given sample corrode at varying rates. This variation appears to be a result of variation in grain boundary structure and hence in precipitation and segregation.

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