The Physiology of the Intact Human Ureter ,

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Abstract
The physiology of the intact human ureter was studied by means of a modified Trattner''s device and obser-vations were made on the effect of blockade of transmission of nervous impulses on ureteral contractions, on the results of stimulation of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system on ureteral activity, and on the effects of drugs reputed to possess either smooth muscle relaxing or stimulating qualities. The normal adequate stimulus for the initiation and maintenance of ureteral peristalsis is a stretching of the smooth muscle fibers of the ureter by the urine excreted from the kidney. Peristaltic activity of the ureter can be altered by changes in urine volume output, within certain limits. Rhythmic contractions and tonus of the intact human ureter were not directly affected by admn. of tetra-ethylammonium chloride, procaine high spinal anesthesia, Doryl, epinephrine, prostigmine, atropine, Trasentin, Amethone, Depropanex, Ca levulinate; nitroglycerine, amyl-nitrite, papaverine, perparin, Liop-Lutin, Pitressin, Avertin (intra-ureterally), Benadryl, Demerol and morphine. Demerol, Pitressin and large doses of epinephrine produced a decrease in urine secretion. Prostigmine acted as a diuretic in half of the patients to whom the drug had been administered. No drug depressed ureteral peristalsis or decreased the tonus of the ureter. Morphine does not produce increased peristalsis and tonicity of the ureter. It is postulated that tonus and rhythmic contraction of the intact human ureter are entirely independent of the central nervous system including the auto-nomic nervous system and all its ganglia.

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