Enhanced Sintering of Tin Dioxide with Additives under Isothermal Condition

Abstract
The enhanced sintering of tin dioxide with additives, viz. MnO2, CuO, ZnO, Li2CO3 and Sb2O3 has been studied under isothermal condition. The efficiency of different additives in attaining higher density is discussed in terms of grain growth and pore morphology studied by SEM fractograph. The time exponents of the kinetic equation and activation energies are calculated from isothermal sintering data for various systems and these parameters are used to interpret the sintering mechanism for different additives. It has been found that different mechanisms are predominant in different systems and in some cases it depends on sintering temperature also. From SEM fractograph it appears that due to pore trapping within the grains it is not possible to attain higher density.

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