Increased Sodium-Lithium Countertransport Activity in Red Cells of Patients with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes and Nephropathy

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Abstract
Susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy may be related to a predisposition to arterial hypertension. We have studied the activity of sodium–lithium countertransport in red cells, a marker of risk for essential hypertension, in white European adults with insulin-dependent diabetes and diabetic nephropathy, a matched group of patients with diabetes without renal disease, and nondiabetic patients with renal disease. Measures of metabolic control and concentrations of plasma free insulin and growth hormone were similar in the two diabetic groups. The degree of impairment in renal function was similar in the diabetic and nondiabetic patients with renal disease. Body-mass index and plasma potassium concentrations were similar in all three groups. Diastolic blood pressure was elevated to a similar degree in the two groups with renal disease, as compared with that in the diabetic patients without renal disease.