Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Activity in Bacterial Infection

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Abstract
It has been experimentally shown that endotoxin induces a marked increase in the levels of a fast-acting inhibitor of plasminogen activator (PAI). The plasma PAI activity and tissuetype plasminogen activator (t-PA) concentrations were measured in 61 patients with human septicaemia and results were compared with those observed in healthy controls. There was a markedly significant increase of PAI in plasma and platelet extracts of patients with septicaemia as compared to controls (p <0.0001). No correlation between PAI and endotoxin concentration was observed. Fibrin autography of plasma samples confirmed that activator inhibition was associated with the formation of an enzyme-inhibitor complex. t-PA activity was similar in patients and controls, whereas t-PA Ag showed a significant increase in patients (p <0.0001). A significant inverse correlation between t-PA activity and PAI was observed (p <0.05). PAI activity was higher in patients with positive blood cultures (p <0.0001) and gram-negative septicaemia (p <0.0001). There was also a significant increase of PAI levels in patients with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) as compared with patients without DIC (p <0.001). We conclude that there is a marked increase of PAI in patients with sepsis. Increased PAI activity may contribute to the pathogenesis of DIC associated with septicaemia.

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