Persistence of the waterfall illusion after-effect as a test of brain damage.

Abstract
Without special conditions and/or instructions to encourage continued fixation on the center of the stimulus object, 19 brain-damaged patients (chronic brain syndrome associated with alcoholism) performed less well on the Spiral Aftereffect Test than did a normal control group. However, they performed as well as normals on the Waterfall Illusion Aftereffect Test which does not require continued fixation in order to elicit apparent after-movement. The results support the interpretation that the reported disturbance in the brain-damaged to perceiving apparent aftermovement is due to their relative inability to hold continued fixation.

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