Contributions of Open Cardiotomy to the Correction of Congenital and Acquired Cardiac Disease

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Abstract
Partial and Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous ReturnAs mentioned above, it has been uncommon for partial anomalous venous return to exist without at least a patent foramen ovale, and more often it is associated with a secundum type of atrial septal defect.Obviously, all cases of total anomalous venous return require the coexistence of an atrial shunt. The operative management of total anomalous insertion of the pulmonary veins is therefore one uniformly complicated by the presence of an atrial septal defect. Since ideally the defect can only be corrected by direct-vision intracardiac reparative surgery, the management of anomalous venous return . . .