The influence of heredity and environment on six variables describing incisor orientation

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Abstract
The relationship between genetic and non-genetic factors was studied for six variables associated with incisor positioning. The aim was to determine the heritability for the anteroposterior apical base relationship, the overjet and the inclinations of upper and lower incisors. The path analysis model was used on twin material to separate genetic and cultural inheritance. No evidence was found to indicate any significant influence of cultural inheritance. Heritability quotients (role of genetic factors in the total variance) varied with the highest value for the anteroposterior apical base relationship (h2 = 0.8) followed by lower incisor inclination (h2 = 0.7) and with the lowest values for overjet and the upper incisor inclination (h2 = 0.5 and 0.4). A calculation of the quotient between genetic and environmental standard deviations showed corresponding results, indicating that genetic factors may have twice as much influence as non-genetic ones on the apical base relation, (quotient = 2.1) followed by lower (1.4) and upper (1.1) incisor inclinations and overjet (0.9).

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