A Comparison of Precipitable Water Vapor Estimates by an NWP Simulation and GPS Observations
Open Access
- 1 July 1999
- journal article
- Published by American Meteorological Society in Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology
- Vol. 38 (7) , 941-956
- https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<0941:acopwv>2.0.co;2
Abstract
Simulated time series of the total precipitable water (PW) vapor from a limited area numerical weather prediction model are compared to estimates derived from observations done with ground-based Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. The model data examined are from the delayed-mode High Resolution Limited Area Model (HIRLAM) data assimilation (reanalysis) and the short-range forecasts on double nested grids. The observational data are derived from GPS measurements at 25 sites in Sweden and Finland over a 4-month period, August–November 1995. In general, the HIRLAM reanalysis system demonstrates considerable skill in reproducing the spatial and temporal evolution of the PW as depicted by the GPS estimations. Using a 0.2° horizontal resolution and 31 vertical levels, the HIRLAM reanalysis generates a PW time series that has, in comparison to that of the GPS estimates, an average offset of −0.1 mm and a root-mean-square difference of 2.4 mm. The average correlation between the PW time series fr... Abstract Simulated time series of the total precipitable water (PW) vapor from a limited area numerical weather prediction model are compared to estimates derived from observations done with ground-based Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers. The model data examined are from the delayed-mode High Resolution Limited Area Model (HIRLAM) data assimilation (reanalysis) and the short-range forecasts on double nested grids. The observational data are derived from GPS measurements at 25 sites in Sweden and Finland over a 4-month period, August–November 1995. In general, the HIRLAM reanalysis system demonstrates considerable skill in reproducing the spatial and temporal evolution of the PW as depicted by the GPS estimations. Using a 0.2° horizontal resolution and 31 vertical levels, the HIRLAM reanalysis generates a PW time series that has, in comparison to that of the GPS estimates, an average offset of −0.1 mm and a root-mean-square difference of 2.4 mm. The average correlation between the PW time series fr...Keywords
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