The Current Practice of Live Donor Nephrectomy in Europe

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Abstract
The increasing number of live kidney donors in the last decade has stimulated interest in the surgical technique of donor nephrectomy. In this study, we evaluated the current status of the surgical approach in European transplant centers. A questionnaire was sent to 131 centers in 12 European countries. Questions included the number of donors, the technique used, and the inclusion and exclusion criteria for a technique. Ninety-two replies (70%) were included. In the responding centers, approximately 1450 live donor nephrectomies were performed in 2004 (more than 80% of all live kidney donations in these countries). The number of living donors ranged from 0 to 95 per center. Nineteen institutions (21%) removed kidneys using endoscopic techniques only. Twenty-two centers (24%) performed both open and laparoscopic donor nephrectomy. Vessel length, difficult anatomy and right-sided donor nephrectomy were common reasons to choose an open technique. Twelve centers had performed laparoscopic donor nephrectomy but quit their program for various reasons. In 51 centers (55%), only open donor nephrectomy was carried out. Lack of evidence that endoscopic techniques provide better results was the main reason for these centers to stick to an open approach. Incisional hernias occurred after all types of open surgery in up to 30% of the donors per center. Twenty-nine clinics still carry out the classic flank incision. The surgical technique of live donor nephrectomy varies greatly between transplant centers in European countries. To define the optimal surgical approach a European registration of donor nephrectomies would be helpful.