An ultrastructural study of spermiatogenesis and spermatozoal morphology in Sparganophilus tamesis (Sparganophilidae, Oligochaeta, Annelida)

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Abstract
Spermatogenesis in Sparganophilus tamesis results in a filiform spermatozoon of the advanced type. Structures in proximal‐distal sequence are the slender acrosome, the extremely elongate nucleus, the short cylindrical midpiece and the long flagellum. The acrosome is unique in those Lumbricina so far studied in persistence of the subvesicular space in the anterior (proximal) bulb formed by the primary acrosome vesicle, external to the acrosome tube and in extension of the acrosome rod into this proximal subvesicular space. A further unusual feature is the very long basal chamber in the acrosome tube, distal to the rod, as in the Phreodrilidae. The acrosome tube has a distal limen and its junction with the nucleus is domed. There is little similarity with the acrosome of the Lumbricidae, a family with which the Sparganophilidae have recently been grouped. The midpiece has the highest number of mitochondria yet recorded for oligochaetes. The number is deduced to be eight, of which seven are normally visible in cross section because one of the mitochondrial loci consists, uniquely for the Oligochaeta, of two mitochondria aligned longitudinally in tandem. The structure of the flagellum, including the arrangement of its peripheral glycogen granules, is typical for oligochaetes. The spermatozoon is straight, lacking a spiral coil or keel. These results are discussed in relation to oligochaete phylogeny.