The Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines transports chemokines and supports their promigratory activity

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Abstract
Nonsignaling chemokine receptors are thought to function as chemokine 'decoys'. Rot and colleagues now show that the nonsignaling chemokine receptor DARC functions to unidirectionally transport inflammatory chemokines toward apical endothelial surfaces. The Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) belongs to a family of 'silent' heptahelical chemokine receptors that do not couple to G proteins and fail to transmit measurable intracellular signals. DARC binds most inflammatory chemokines and is prominently expressed on venular endothelial cells, where its function has remained contentious. Here we show that DARC, like other silent receptors, internalized chemokines but did not effectively scavenge them. Instead, DARC mediated chemokine transcytosis, which led to apical retention of intact chemokines and more leukocyte migration across monolayers expressing DARC. Mice overexpressing DARC on blood vessel endothelium had enhanced chemokine-induced leukocyte extravasation and contact-hypersensitivity reactions. Thus, interactions of chemokines with DARC support their activity on apposing leukocytes in vitro and in vivo.