Involvement of an F-actin skeleton on the acrosome reaction in guinea pig spermatozoa

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Abstract
The acrosome reaction (AR) is a regulated exocytotic process. In several cell types, an actin network situated under the plasma membrane (PM) acts as a physical barrier to prevent this exocytosis. In seeking a function for a cortical skeleton in guinea pig spermatozoa, the PM and the outer acrosomal membrane (OAM) were investigated for the presence of F-actin and spectrin, proteins generally found in cell cortical skeletons. Both membrane types were visualized in whole-mount preparations by electron microscopy. PM proteins gave positive reaction to the Na+,K+-ATPase antibody and the OAM proteins did not react to the antibody. Furthermore, a Triton X-100-resistant skeleton was obtained from both membrane types. Using gold immunoelectron microscopy, F-actin was visualized in the PM and in the OAM skeletons, while spectrin was only detected in the PM skeleton. The presence of an F-actin cortical skeleton in the sperm PM suggests that F-actin may be involved in the AR. The significantly higher number of AR elicited by cytochalasin D (Cyt-D) treatment(P < 0.005) and data showing a significant (P > 0.03) decrease in F-actin relative concentration in capacitating spermatozoa, agree with this suggestion. Furthermore, the proposal is strengthened by the fact that stabilization of F-actin by phalloidin (Ph) significantly (P > 0.01) diminished AR induced by Ca2+ in a streptolysin O (SLO)-permeabilized sperm model. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 46:43–58, 2000