Abstract
The relationship between environmental radiation (mSv·a−1) to the gonads and incidences of Down's syndrome and visible malformation was analyzed using Kendall's rank correlation method. The subjects, studied during a 3-yr period (1979–1981), were inhabitants of 46 prefectures in Japan that had various dose rates (μR/h) of natural background ionizing radiation. Results showed that the natural background very low-dose radiation rate was not a predominant factor responsible for inducing Down's syndrome or other visible malformations.

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