Covariance Analysis with Unequal Subclass Numbers: Component-Estimation in Quantitative Genetics

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Abstract
Analysis of covariance for the hierarchical design with unequal subclass numbers is presented. The derivations of the expectations of the sums of cross products of 2 covariables and of the coefficients of the covariance components are given. The covariance components are estimated and their genetic interpretation is shown. The estimation of pheno-typlc, genetic, and environmental correlations employing covariance components is discussed. A numerical example demonstrating the use of covariance analysis in genetic studies is offered.