A nonlinear unsteady one-dimensional theory for wings in extreme ground effect

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Abstract
Flow induced by a body moving near a plane wall is analysed on the assumption that the normal distance from the wall of every point of the body is small compared to the body length. The flow is irrotational except for the vortex sheet representing the wake. The gap-flow problem in the case of unsteady motion is reduced to a nonlinear first-order ordinary differential equation in the time variable. In the special case of steady flow, some known results are recovered and generalized. As an illustration of the unsteady theory, the problem is solved of a flat plate falling toward the ground under its own weight, while moving forward at uniform speed.

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