Charges for medical care at different hospitals.

Abstract
ABOUT 40 million Americans have no health insurance.1 The typical individual is over 18 years old, has a 20% chance of having a chronic disease, and has an 80% chance of being employed.2,3 Uninsured Americans often seek medical treatment and do not always receive charity care.4-6 As a consequence, individuals pay out-of-pocket for noncatastrophic treatments (including preventive care and chronic disease therapy). Reports suggest that about two thirds of the uninsured receive medical care during an average year; they incur charges on the order of $1000 and make payments on the order of $350.7,8 Some individuals pay none of the charges, whereas other individuals pay the charges in full.

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