Induction of Interleukin 1alpha (IL-1alpha) and IL-1beta mRNA Expression and Cellular IL-1 Production by Anti-HLA-DR Antibodies in Human Monocytes

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Abstract
We studied the role of HLA class II antigens in the regulation of interleukin 1 (IL-1) production in human monocytes. Monocytes were cultured with monoclonal anti-HLA-DR antibodies for 24 h after which cellular (i.e. intracellular and membrane-associated) IL-I production, IL-1 secretion, and the expression of IL-1.alpha. and IL-1.beta. mRNA were determined. One of the anti-HLA-DR antibodies tested (anti-HLA-DR, Becton Dickinson) clearly induced IL-1.alpha. and IL-1.beta. mRNA expression and cellular IL-1 production. The other anti-HLA-DR antibody tested (OKIa1, Ortho) had no effect on IL-1 production. The stimulatory effect of anti-HLA-DR was enhanced by IFN-.gamma. in both fresh and aged monocytes. A synergistic effect by anti-HLA-DR and suboptimal doses of LPS (1 ng/ml) on both cellular IL-1 production and secretion was also demonstrated. The possibility of contaminating LPS causing the IL-1 inducing effect of anti-HLA-DR was excluded by the inability of polymyxin B to abolish the anti-HLA-DR-induced IL-1 production.