Cooling Neutron Stars with Accreted Envelopes

Abstract
The relationships between the effective surface temperature T eff and internal temperature T b of nonmagnetized neutron stars with and without accreted envelopes are calculatedfor T eff ? 5 \Theta 104K. We use updated equations of state and radiative opacities, andwe improve considerably the electron conductive opacity. We examine various models ofaccreted layers (H, He, C, O subshells produced by nuclear burning of accreted matter).The resulting T eff \Gamma T b relationship is...