Digital all-pass networks

Abstract
A systematic method is outlined to realize anmth-order all-pass digital transfer function using onlymmultipliers as a cascade of first-order and/or second-order all-pass sections. The realization is based on the multiplier extraction approach in which thenth-order filter section is considered as a digital(n + 1)-pair of whichnpairs of input and output terminal variables are constrained bynmultipliers. The transfer matrix parameters of the digital(n + 1)-pair, containing only delays and adders, are first identified from which the realization is obtained by inspection. Both canonic and noncanonic realizations are derived. All realizations are then compared with regard to the effect of multiplication roundoff and hardware requirements.

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