Kinetic study of the base‐catalyzed transesterification of monoglycerides from pongamia oil

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Abstract
The kinetics of the transeterification of vegetable oil is known to follow a three‐step reaction mechanism. The third step involves the transesterification of MG. In this study, the transesterification of MG obtained from crude Pongamia oil was achieved with methanol in the presence of KOH as the catalyst. A MG/methanol ratio of 1∶10 was used at different temperatures (30, 45, 55, and 60°C). 1H NMR was used to monitor the progress of transesterification. The study revealed that the kinetics of this reaction followed a reversible second‐order model, with a good fit obtained for all temperatures except 30°C. This result is explained as arising out of the importance of transport effects at low temperatures. The forward rate constant increased with an increase in temperature, whereas the reverse rate constant showed a decreasing trend, suggesting that the proposed reverse reaction was not an elementary step.