Image Deformation A Discussion of Several Contributing Sources

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Abstract
Many sources can contribute to the deformation of a photographic image. Deformation can occur during the exposure and processing of photographs, during the period between exposure and processing, and also during storage periods. The effects of several sources that most likely contributed to the image deformation encountered in the Hull Project are discussed. These sources are unequal pull during the film transport in the aerial camera and lack of film flatness caused by blocked suction holes (sources causing the deformation of the negative), insufficient contact between negative and diapositive emulsions in a printer using centrally projected light (a source of diapositive deformation during the printing process), and plastic flow near the edges of film sheets (a source of deformation resulting from processing). In addition, changes in film diapositives during the measurement are singled out. It is also shown that image deformation is very similar for all frames exposed on the same film mounted in the same magazine.

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