LOW LEVELS, BUT EXCESSES, OF FIVE DIFFERENT TRACE ELEMENTS, SINGLY AND IN COMBINATION, ON INTERACTIONS IN BUSH BEANS GROWN IN SOLUTION CULTURE

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Abstract
Bush bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Improved Tendergreen) were grown in nutrient solutions at pH maintained near 5 for 21 d following transplanting. In addition to a control treatment, five different trace elements were applied in modest excess at levels predetermined to give around 10% yield reduction each, i.e., M, 6 .times. 10-6 Cu, 5 .times. 10-7 Ni, 10-6 Co, 10-5 Zn, 4 .times. 10-7 Cd, all as sulfates. Some multiple combinations were used in addition to the single element treatments, i.e., Cu-Ni-Co-Zn, Ni-Co-Zn-Cd, Cu-Ni-Co-Cd, Cu-Co-Zn-Cd, Cu-Ni-Zn-Cd, and Cu-Ni-Co-Zn-Cd. Growth effects of the trace element combinations were protective; there was more growth than was additively predicted. Part of the protection was due to Co suppressing uptake of Cd by roots. Other trace elements in turn suppressed uptake of Co by roots. The concentration of Na in leaves appeared to be a sensitive indication that stress really was greater with the combination of four trace elements in modest excess than with just one. Relative to the control of 1.00, the average yield of the single element treatments in slight excess was 0.91. In various combinations of four trace elements, the average relative yield was 0.73.

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