Crop farming system constraints in Transkei: Implications for research and extension∗

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Abstract
The paper discusses the results of a farming systems research (FSR) study focusing on problem identification, diagnosing constraints and making recommendations on institutional and technological changes aimed at improving the impact of research and extension on crop farming systems in Transkei. The study showed that the large gap between farmer yields and best potential yields is caused by both biological constraints in the sense of non‐application or poor application of technology, and by socio‐economic and institutional constraints which prevent farmers from using the recommended technology. Knowledge of crops was found to be the most important variable determining adoption of maize practices, which emphasizes the importance of research and extension in providing appropriate knowledge and technology. Recommendations are made for institutional reform and for advancing current technology by improving draught power and tillage methods, evaluating inter‐cropping systems, integrating crop and livestock production, and developing technology for improving plant population and weed control.

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