Artificial Cardiac Pacemakers

Abstract
MYTH and folklore frequently anticipate future developments, for they embody a kernel of objective reality. The medical uses of electricity over the ages attest to this maxim. The unpleasant tingle of an electrical discharge has found numerous applications. Galvanic and faradic currents were used for goiters, nervous conditions and sterility. Promulgation of such uses of electricity identified the charlatan. Yet, at the turn of the 19th century, Allan Burns, in his textbook on heart disease, had already counseled electric discharge for cardiac arrest.1 The use of electricity to regulate heart action has become not only an accepted but an indispensable . . .