Behavioral Treatment of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in the Classroom

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Abstract
Contingency management procedures have been successfully applied in a variety of school settings to treat children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The present study investigated the efficacy of response-cost contingencies alone and in combination with directed-rehearsal procedures for managing the classroom behavior and academic productivity of two boys with ADHD. A within-subject reversal design with multiple-baseline components across academic work periods (i.e., reading and language) was employed to evaluate each child's behavior and academic performance. Response-cost contingencies led to marked improvements in each student's task-related attention and a reduction in other ADHD symptoms. Response-cost effects on academic productivity and differential effects associated with directed-rehearsal contingencies were equivocal. In addition to promoting greater attention to independent seat-work, response-cost procedures have the potential to affect other important areas of classroom functioning such as behavioral control during teacher lectures.