Enantio-specific induction of apoptosis by an endogenous neurotoxin, N -methyl( R )salsolinol, in dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells: suppression of apoptosis by N -(2-heptyl)- N -methylpropargylamine

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Abstract
Endogenous N-methyl(R)salsolinol, which caused parkinsonism in rats by injection in the striatum, was found to induce apoptosis in dopaminergic neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. After 12-h incubation with 500 μM N-methyl(R)salsolinol, almost all the cells died with apoptosis and necrotic cell death was negligible. N-Methyl(R)salsolinol was much more potent to induce apoptosis than the (S)-enantiomer. The mechanism of apoptosis was studied in relation to changes in mitochondrial membrane potential, ΔΨm, using a fluorescent indicator, JC-1. Red fluorescence of J-aggregates representing hyperpolarized ΔΨm was found to decrease significantly within 60 min after incubation with N-methyl(R)salsolinol, but not by the (S)-enantiomer at the same concentration. It suggests that mitochondria may recognize the stereo-chemical structure of N-methyl(R)salsolinol. Aliphatic propargylamines, (R)-N-(2-heptyl)-N-methylpropargyl-amine and (R)-N-(2-heptyl)propargylamine, were found to prevent ΔΨm loss and subsequent apoptosis induced by N-methyl(R)salsolinol. These results suggest that mitochondria play a key role in the induction of apoptosis by the neurotoxin and the prevention by aliphatic propargylamines.

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