A “Green” Route to Perylene Dyes: Direct Coupling Reactions of 1,8-Naphthalimide and Related Compounds under Mild Conditions Using a “New” Base Complex Reagent, t-BuOK/DBN

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Abstract
The direct coupling reactions of 1,8-naphthalimide compounds efficiently occurred at 130 or 170 degrees C without the intervention of the leuco form dyes in the presence of base complex reagent, t-BuOK/1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]non-5-ene (DBN), to give the corresponding perylene dyes in good yields with > 95% purities. A possible mechanistic speculation for these oxidative coupling reactions is briefly discussed.