Two-dimensional classical Heisenberg model with easy-plane anisotropy at low temperatures: Out-of-plane dynamics

Abstract
Correlation functions of the two-dimensional classical Heisenberg model with easy-plane anisotropy are calculated at low temperatures and compared with simulation data. The out-of-plane static correlation function is found to have an exponential decay with a temperature-independent correlation length. The normalized out-of-plane spin-wave energy is found to have the same temperature dependence as the square root of the nearest-neighbor in-plane static correlation function.